Infant Observation

His parents are part of the Chinese Culture. He has black hair and beautiful big brown eyes. His little arms and legs are chunky. In proportion to his body his head seems to be bigger but It's not. 2) When I was doing my observation he was playing. Perception: 3) TTT mostly observes objects with bright colors about few seconds before he drops It to find the next curious object. When put down onto the floor he crawls right towards the toys, telling his mom that he prefers colors.As his mom move a toy In front of his face side to side, he follows It with his eyes and his head. When his mom play some music he turns his head towards the source of the sound and starts to crawl closer to the music. 4)No real regular actions to make his mom believe he Is In need of any special Item other than food when he Is hungry. Motor Development: 5) Blinking reflex-when his mom blow on his face his eyes respond by blanking. 6) I see him exploring his surroundings, at objects and feeling them. He Is cra wling, he an walk while holding onto furniture or he is sitting when examining a toy. ) He moves his head in a normal way. 8) He can reach sitting position alone. He does so by bending one knee and backing down onto his behind. 9) He grasps an object on right hand while holding his upper body with his other hand (left) onto the floor. He lets go of the object by dropping it at his side to grab the next. Cognitive Development: 10) To find out if TTT has a concept of object permanence his mom used the Pigged method. His mom shoved TTT a toy and then his mom covered it with a blanket. He grabbed the blanket off the toy.That tells his mom has a clear concept of object permanence 1 1) Seniority activity -His eyes focus on bright colors and he responds to sounds by looking toward the sounds. Language Development: 12) When IT'S mom said â€Å"this is ball? ‘ and TTT looking at the ball. 13)TTT used babbling and single words to express his language he would say â€Å"bababababababaà ¢â‚¬  â€Å"tetetetetetetetete† deadheaded†. When he looked at him mother he would Sara†. I understand that there are many factors influencing the upbringing of children with ultra similarities as well as differences. All mothers encourage . Heir children to play and talk. Yet prior research have shown that U. S. Children learn object names more rapidly than children elsewhere, Even Chinese culture encourages people to see themselves in active relationship to others rather than separate individuals. Proportion to his body his head seems to be bigger but it's not. 2) When I was doing it to find the next curious object. When put down onto the floor he crawls right towards the toys, telling his mom that he prefers colors. As his mom move a toy in Ron of his face side to side, he follows it with his eyes and his head.When his mom crawl closer to the music. 4)No real regular actions to make his mom believe he is in need of any special item other than food when he is h ungry. Motor Development: 5) Blinking reflex-when his mom blow on his face his eyes respond by blinking. 6) I see him exploring his surroundings, at objects and feeling them. He is crawling, he 12) When IT'S mom said â€Å"this is ball? † and TTT looking at the ball. Infant Observation On Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman is a healthy, playfull boy, appeared to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15. 5 months old, 32 tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. 1. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, automobiles†¦ in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense focus. Eventhough there wasn't any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the fact that the perception of an unfamiliar stimulus usually elicits physiological responses (Berger, p. 156). Later, this explanation of mine for his behavior was confirmed to be correct by his mother that he had never seen a doll before. Clearly, he was sensing the strange object and trying to perceive it. And exactly as the text said, eventually, habituation occurs, in which the stimulus becomes so familiar and uninteresting that these responses slow down. (Berger, p. 156), he got tired of the dolls and began to pay attention to other toys and people around. 2. According to table 5. 2, the Age Norms for Motor Skills in Berger, p. 153, for his age of 15. 5 months, 90% of all babies master the skill of walking. Beside being able to walk, just like the majority of infants at his age (from 1-2 years old), Ali is quite a toddler, for the characteristic way they move their bodies, toddling from side to side. (Berger, p. 151). Still toddling but Ali obviously belongs to the upper half of the population in mastering his gross motorskill since he is also able to walk backward, a skill that only 50% of infant could master at his age according to again table 5. 2. 3. Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proving by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there was some unfamiliar things happened, he always looked for and ran to his mother as described in proximity-seeking behaviors (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him) (Berger, p. 26). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger, p. 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and table 7. 1, p. 230. 4. After playing for awhile, he came up to me w ith a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollowphrases, he still has no communication problem, afterall, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger, p. 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mother's commands such as up, down, kiss, bye†¦ by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6. 2 in Berger, p. 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word but bla.. bla.. la†¦ , however, the way I see it, that was not babbling, he was probably pretending to read but he could not find any word that matched with the content of the book so he ended up with that one-size-fits-all babble. 5. At the age of 15. 5 months, Ali is falling into Piaget's stage five, the stage for experimentation and exploration (Berger, pp. 192-193). Piaget referred to the stage-five toddler as the little scientist who experiments in order to see. (Berger, p. 193). Ali is a very active, playful and curious boy. Just look at the way he studied the dolls at the beginning and how he played and discovered how to roll some round thing (I don't know what it was) later, you will see. And fitting the blocks into their right holes also shows that Ali is in fact a little scientist with his trial and error experimentation. 6. Ali is passed the age to be awe by peek-a-boo because he has achieved Object Permanence, the realization that objects still exist even when they cannot be seen, touched or heard (Berger, p. 181), as early as 4. 5 months old. As stated in Berger on page 182, to find a hidden object requires at least two abilities: setting a goal and knowing how to achieve it. , and a child will not have those abilities until he is at least 8 months old. Ali is way passed that so he could find something that Dr. Berg was trying to hide under a towel easily. He still enjoys this hide-and-seek game, but it is much less fun at his age unless the hiding is less obvious (Berger, p. 183). 7. Ali has a wonderful personality, which is the emotions, behaviors, and attitudes that make an individual unique (Berger, p. 16), or as least I think so for the following reasons. He is outgoing, assertive, active, easygoing, kind and helpful†¦. This characteristic puts him into the 40% easy-temperament (Berger, p. 221). With further observation, I can safely conclude that Ali belongs to the first two dimensions of temperaments in the big five, which are Extroversion and Agreeableness (Berger, p. 221). I cannot believe that I was able to see so much in a child the way the text shows in such a short period. I was particularly impressed with how incredibly secured Ali was, which shows through his friendliness, kindness and curiosity. In addition to his well developed cognitive skill (in communicating, learning, playing†¦ ), his general physical conditions as well as his motor skills are also astounding. I would be very happy if I could raise such a healthy child in the future. Finally, I cannot find any problem in your observation setup. Well, afterall, you've been doing this for years, I just don't see how I can beat that. Infant Observation On Wednesday, July 19th, I had a chance to observe carefully an infant for about half an hour in my psychology class at Santa Monica College. The infant, Ali Osman is a healthy, playfull boy, appeared to be of Middle Eastern origin. He is 15. 5 months old, 32 tall and weighs about 24 lbs with brown curly hair, dark brown eyes and fairly tanned skin. 1. There were several kinds of toys like blocks, dolls, automobiles†¦ in the room. However, when he just came in, he was immediately drawn to the dolls with intense focus. Eventhough there wasn't any way to measure his heart rate or brain wave, I could easily tell how interested he was by the way he gazed, touched and played with the dolls. This could be explained by the fact that the perception of an unfamiliar stimulus usually elicits physiological responses (Berger, p. 156). Later, this explanation of mine for his behavior was confirmed to be correct by his mother that he had never seen a doll before. Clearly, he was sensing the strange object and trying to perceive it. And exactly as the text said, eventually, habituation occurs, in which the stimulus becomes so familiar and uninteresting that these responses slow down. (Berger, p. 156), he got tired of the dolls and began to pay attention to other toys and people around. 2. According to table 5. 2, the Age Norms for Motor Skills in Berger, p. 153, for his age of 15. 5 months, 90% of all babies master the skill of walking. Beside being able to walk, just like the majority of infants at his age (from 1-2 years old), Ali is quite a toddler, for the characteristic way they move their bodies, toddling from side to side. (Berger, p. 151). Still toddling but Ali obviously belongs to the upper half of the population in mastering his gross motorskill since he is also able to walk backward, a skill that only 50% of infant could master at his age according to again table 5. 2. 3. Ali is quite a friendly kid, he is not afraid to be with strangers proving by the fact that he could interact very comfortably with me, my classmates, and other babies. However, when there was some unfamiliar things happened, he always looked for and ran to his mother as described in proximity-seeking behaviors (like when the new baby twins came in or when someone made a scary face to him) (Berger, p. 26). He is a representative of secure attachment by showing that he had no problem with being away from his mother and exploring on his own (Berger, p. 228). Besides, he also reacted to the Strange Situation the way we expected from a secured child as stated in Berger on page 228 and table 7. 1, p. 230. 4. After playing for awhile, he came up to me w ith a book and showed me the content, then he gurgled something, clearly wanting me to read it to him. His intention was well understood. Without sufficient vocabulary, using only hollowphrases, he still has no communication problem, afterall, communication is about understanding not vocabulary anyway (Berger, p. 198). He showed clear signs of understanding his mother's commands such as up, down, kiss, bye†¦ by following them. His spoken language has been developed normally according to table 6. 2 in Berger, p. 194. One interesting thing was that when he was sitting in the chair and reading the book, he did not make any recognizable word but bla.. bla.. la†¦ , however, the way I see it, that was not babbling, he was probably pretending to read but he could not find any word that matched with the content of the book so he ended up with that one-size-fits-all babble. 5. At the age of 15. 5 months, Ali is falling into Piaget's stage five, the stage for experimentation and exploration (Berger, pp. 192-193). Piaget referred to the stage-five toddler as the little scientist who experiments in order to see. (Berger, p. 193). Ali is a very active, playful and curious boy. Just look at the way he studied the dolls at the beginning and how he played and discovered how to roll some round thing (I don't know what it was) later, you will see. And fitting the blocks into their right holes also shows that Ali is in fact a little scientist with his trial and error experimentation. 6. Ali is passed the age to be awe by peek-a-boo because he has achieved Object Permanence, the realization that objects still exist even when they cannot be seen, touched or heard (Berger, p. 181), as early as 4. 5 months old. As stated in Berger on page 182, to find a hidden object requires at least two abilities: setting a goal and knowing how to achieve it. , and a child will not have those abilities until he is at least 8 months old. Ali is way passed that so he could find something that Dr. Berg was trying to hide under a towel easily. He still enjoys this hide-and-seek game, but it is much less fun at his age unless the hiding is less obvious (Berger, p. 183). 7. Ali has a wonderful personality, which is the emotions, behaviors, and attitudes that make an individual unique (Berger, p. 16), or as least I think so for the following reasons. He is outgoing, assertive, active, easygoing, kind and helpful†¦. This characteristic puts him into the 40% easy-temperament (Berger, p. 221). With further observation, I can safely conclude that Ali belongs to the first two dimensions of temperaments in the big five, which are Extroversion and Agreeableness (Berger, p. 221). I cannot believe that I was able to see so much in a child the way the text shows in such a short period. I was particularly impressed with how incredibly secured Ali was, which shows through his friendliness, kindness and curiosity. In addition to his well developed cognitive skill (in communicating, learning, playing†¦ ), his general physical conditions as well as his motor skills are also astounding. I would be very happy if I could raise such a healthy child in the future. Finally, I cannot find any problem in your observation setup. Well, afterall, you've been doing this for years, I just don't see how I can beat that.

Maya Angelou’s Phenomenal Woman: Positive Attributes of a Black Woman

â€Å"Now you understand just why my head’s not bowed, I don’t shout or jump about or have to talk real loud. When you see me passing it ought to make you proud I say it’s the click of my heels, the bend of my hair, the palm of my hand, the need for my care cause I’m a woman phenomenally, phenomenal woman, that’s me† (Angelou 1). Phenomenal Woman, a poem written by Maya Angelou about the positive attributes of a black woman. Maya Angelou is a black actor writer and civil rights activist. Growing up during the time black people were fighting for civility, Maya Angelou has come from a generation of black people who were criticized for their skin color; a generation where becoming an actor was as far-fetched as an black woman going to the moon. Even though now there are more black women in the entertainment world the portrayal of the black woman is still pretty much the same. Today the media’s portrayal of black women is a loud foul mouthed hot headed ghetto du-rag wearing hood-rat on welfare who don’t take care of her kids because she chasing after a man. In the 18 to 1900s black women were known as â€Å"sassy mammies who ran their own homes with iron fists including berating black husbands and children† (Abagond 1). Another name that was used towards black women was a â€Å"sapphire†, which was described as bitchy stubborn and hateful. During the early 1900s every role of a black woman was that of a spiteful angry vindictive black woman who demeans and beats her husband. Continuing through the 70s with the show Good Times, Esther Rolle played Florida Evans a house wife who lives in the projects of Chicago, the media once again portrayed the black woman as just that, angry. During the Jim Crow period, when real blacks were often beaten, jailed, or killed for arguing with whites, fictional Mammies were allowed to pretend-chastise whites, including men. Their sassiness was supposed to indicate that they were accepted as members of the white family, and acceptance of that sassiness implied that slavery and segregation were not overly oppressive. Another example of a Sapphire was the character Pamela (Pam) James played by Tichina Arnold, who appeared on Martin, a situational comedy that aired from 1992 to 1997 on the Fox network. Pam, Martin’s girlfriend Gina’s best friend and neighbor was a badmouthed, wisecracking friend/foe of the lead character, Martin. Tichina Arnold, the actress who played Pam, also plays Rochelle, a dominating, aggressive matriarch in the situational comedy, Everybody Hates Chris, which ran from 2005 to 2009, and is still aired on cable television. Although most of the sitcoms are used for entertainment people tend to believe that this is how every black woman is. Using derogatory jargon such Shaniqua and Aunt Jemima to describe African American women, many whites believe that what the media puts out is not a stereotype but the truth. Arnold has mastered the role of the angry, black woman. â€Å"Although the numerical representation of African-Americans in contemporary television advertising has improved in recent years, the authors' analysis illustrates how the potentially positive effects of including more African-Americans in advertisements are often mitigated by subtle racist elements that suggest African-American inferiority. Even in earlier cartoons when blacks were drawn into character, they were drawn to look similar to monkeys with dark skin big pink lips and ears and not very intelligent. Cartoonists went as far as to even put a monkey in the cartoon and make the monkey smarter than the black people featured in the cartoon. This was done for the amusement of white people. From the first cartoons to the first black president black people not just women have been the center of ridicule, calling them coons and monkeys, even going as far as photo shopping Michelle Obama’s face to that of a monkey’s keeping her hair and clothing the same. Cal Thomas a commentator of Fox network stated that black women are â€Å"usually angry about something; they’ve lost a son in a drive by shooting or angry at Bush. So you don’t have a profile of non angry black women† (â€Å"Transcrpit: Fox†, 2008).Works Cited EDu paper Jatau, Mary. (2009). Western Media’s Commodification and Consumption of African Women: A Review of Three News Channels. UC Los Angeles: UCLA Center for the Study of Women. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gs2q469 1. Bristor, Julia M., Michlle R. Hunt, and Re'nee G. Lee. â€Å"Race and Ideology: African-American Images in Television Advertising.† Journal of Public Policy & Marketing 14.1 (1995): 48-59. Print. 2.Rucker, C. E. and Cash, T. F. (1992), Body images, body-size perceptions, and eating behaviors among African-American and white college women. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 12: 291–299 none 3.Schooler, D., Monique Ward, L., Merriwether, A. and Caruthers, A. (2004), Who's That Girl: Television's Role In The Body Image Development Of Young White And Black Women. Psychology of Women Quarterly, 28: 38–47. None Jatau, Mary. (2009). 4. Western Media’s Commodification and Consumption of African Women: A Review of Three News Channels . UC Los Angeles: UCLA Center for the Study of Women. Retrieved from: http://escholarship.org/uc/item/9gs2q469. 5. Abagond (2008, March 7). The Sapphire Stereotype. Abagond. Retrieved from http://abagond.wordpress.com/2008/03/07/the-sapphire-stereotype/. 6. Bad times on the Good times set. (1975 September). Ebony.

Jacksonian Democracy Dbq

Kathy Dai M. Galvin AP USH Period 1 Jacksonian Democracy DBQ The Jacksonian democracy of the 1820s-1830s is often associated with an expansion of the political influence, economic opportunities, and social equality available to â€Å"the common man,† a concept of the masses which President Andrew Jackson and his newly founded Democratic party came to represent. The new administration certainly saw gains for the majority; namely, public participation in government increased to unprecedented levels, and several economic decisions were made to favor the people over monopolies.Beginning with their exaggerated portrayal of the â€Å"corrupt† 1824 election however, the Jacksonian democrats also left a legacy of substantial miscalculations in policies and acts of hypocrisy that conflicted with their claimed intents to promote and protect popular democracy. In particular, the dangerous implications of various political and economic policies, along with the deliberate disregard of social inequality, are aspects of the Jacksonian age that most clearly demonstrate discrepancies between Jacksonian ideals and realities.The political field saw the first advances accredited to the Jacksonian democracy in the forms of extended suffrage and increased government participation, but it also involved many questionable federal acts that conflicted with the vision of political democracy. With Andrew Jackson’s election in 1828 introducing the first president from West of the Appalachians, the common men that Jackson championed naturally arose to the political stage as well.States all across the country adopted universal suffrage for white males on their own in the 1820s, but Jackson indeed bolstered the democratic trend through influence in newspapers, popular campaigning, and even a huge inauguration party at the White House open to the masses. In terms of campaigning however, the election of 1828 was the first in which the political parties directly attacked eac h other’s candidates through the press.The increase in voter participation led to a negative pattern of smear campaigning that aimed more to sway the masses than convey the truth that a healthy democracy needs. Furthermore, Jackson’s presidency was characterized by use of the spoils system and the systematic rotation of officeholders. These stipulated that federal jobs were strictly given to loyal Democrats and that federal offices could be held for only one term. While these practices were meant to emphasize equal political opportunities and build party loyalty, they inherently promoted government corruption.In fact, the power that Jackson wielded by trading federal positions for party loyalty both overextended his executive power and practiced the same corrupt bargaining of office that the Democrats accused John Quincy Adams of in the election of 1824. Thus, the Jacksonian democrats dealt clear detriments and hypocrisies to the system of popular democracy that they s o strongly advocated, despite their encouragement of universal white male suffrage and participation in office.Similarly, the Jacksonian age affected the economy both in accordance with the Jacksonian ideal of equal economic opportunity and against it; an executive branch act and a judicial branch decision were made with the intent of favoring the people, but substantial opposition highlighted the negative side effects that undermined the Jacksonian goal. President Jackson represented the executive branch with his bold move of vetoing a bill which proposed a rechartering of the Second Bank of the United States.As conveyed by Jackson’s dramatic veto message on July 10, 1832 the democrats maintained that the national bank’s monopoly on trade catered too frequently to foreign and wealthy stockowners, thus posing a threat to the ideal of equal economic opportunity that they claimed to protect (B). The Jacksonians stuck with their vision of themselves in this sense, but opp osing reactions to the veto pointed out that the attack on the bank was unnecessary and dangerous.Daniel Webster’s reply to the veto correctly asserted that by raising the alarm about an encroachment of economic freedoms, the Democrats were really harming the stability of the economy needlessly (C). Webster’s analysis was proven accurate by the Panic of 1837, during which a bubble of inflation caused by the end of the national bank was abruptly burst, and several years of depression followed. The recession and unemployment caused indirectly by Jackson’s cancelation of the national bank did more harm to public economic opportunities than good, despite the Jacksonians’ passionate belief in the threat that the Bank posed.Also in 1837 however, Chief Justice Roger Taney’s Supreme Court decision of Charles River Bridge v. Warren Bridge was a decisive victory for the Jacksonian ideal of equal economic opportunity. Taney interpreted a 1785 charter for a br idge on the Charles River loosely so that a new bridge could be erected across the same river, thus dispelling a monopoly and financially benefitting the people (H).The Jacksonians evidently believed in their roles as the protectors of economic equality, but the results of the changes their administration made were again varied in agreement with their ideals. Finally, the Jacksonians most clearly drifted from their claimed ideals in the social sphere, as they actively neglected to guard the individual liberties of minority groups and women. The Jacksonian’s rosy call for extended suffrage only applied to white males, and the issue of slavery was deliberately avoided to prevent unwanted conflicts between the states.In fact, the Jacksonian administration even put in place a â€Å"gag rule† in 1836 that allowed Congressmen to file away abolition petitions without discussion because the Acts and Resolutions of South Carolina threatened independent state action if SC did no t receive national and sectional support in controlling its slaves (F). The slaves quickly lost any support from the proclaimed Jacksonian ideal of individual liberty when pitted against the preservation of the Union.Likewise, the administration did not hesitate to pass the Indian Removal Act of 1830, which revealed that grandiose Jacksonian ideals yielded to the American desire for new land as well. The Act forced thousands of Native Americans to resettle in the West, with no regard for their personal liberties either. Even President Jackson outright denied to protect the ideal when he refused to enforce the Supreme Court’s decision on Worcester v. Georgia in 1832; John Marshall had ruled that the Cherokee had a right to their land, but Jackson would not stop the army from pushing the Cherokee out of Georgia regardless.The only evidence of any agreement with the Jacksonians’ vision of guarding liberties is a romanticized painting of the Cherokee migration. The painted Cherokees appear comfortable, unified, and still dignified, implying that the painter must have either imagined this as the reality of the situation or painted an ideal version of the scene (G). The painting actually contrasts sharply with the chaos and tragedy of the Cherokees’ â€Å"trail of tears,† but it is important that the Jacksonian intent is present. Although the mixtures of realized and neglected Jacksonian ideals in the political and economic ields were more even, the Jacksonians’ goal to preserve individual liberty was not entirely lost in the social issues of the age. In conclusion, the Jacksonian democrats certainly believed in their roles as guardians of political democracy, equality of economic opportunity, and individual liberty, but their intentions were often misguided or secondary in the face of greater challenges. The few clear strides made by the Jacksonian age were interspersed with instances of failure in realizing its democratic ideals, particularly in the social sphere.

Knowledge managment MBA Level Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Knowledge managment MBA Level - Assignment Example It is because of these problems that knowledge management (which entails generation and Embedment of knowledge into the operations of these construction organisations) has been enhanced. Regardless of the fact that generation and Embedment of knowledge in these organizations is of great importance, their implementation is also faced with challenges such as mistrust, and poor management of knowledge among others. Introduction Construction projects have become very dynamic and complicated in the recent times such that managers of these projects face great challenges in managing the current projects (Bektas, Heintz, & Wamelink 2007). Normally, construction companies as well as their employees perform activities as well as tasks associated with project management based on the past experience instead of following or using approaches prescribed in textbooks (Sydow, Lindkvist, & DeFillippi 2004). They also prefer these carrying out project management activities based on their past work expe riences to utilizing analytical approach. Also, costs associated with retaining, recruiting and attracting employees who are talented and experienced is normally high. This fact is further complicated by fact that in the recent times construction companies have been losing some of their most talented, skilled, experienced and knowledgeable employees to other industries as well as to other competing construction companies (Bektas, Heintz, & Wamelink 2007). One of the ways of ensuring that the skills, knowledge and experience related to managing these projects are retained is by knowledge management. Knowledge is normally considered is one of the most essential factors in project management as well as managements associated with decision making processes (Anumba , Egbu & Carillo 2005). Knowledge also ensures that construction companies have competitive advantage while carrying out construction projects. Therefore, knowledge management would ensure that knowledge and experience related to managing these projects are distributed and utilized accordingly (Sydow, Lindkvist, & DeFillippi 2004). Regardless of the fact that generation and embedment of knowledge in these organizations is of great importance, their implementation is also faced with challenges and threats. This research paper, therefore, aims at identifying challenges and opportunities that confront project-based organisations. The research paper will also identify some of the challenges that face generation and embedment knowledge into the operations of these organizations in the construction industry. Challenges facing project-based organizations Before discussing the challenges that face project based organizations it is important that the meaning of expression â€Å"project-based organization† is understood. According to Sydow, Lindkvist, & DeFillippi (2004), project-based organizations are those organizations that involve themselves with temporary projects or temporary project tasks such as co nstruction activities. These organizations are the common phenomenon in construction industry, and are normally faced with a number of challenges. The challenges or dilemmas that normally face project-based organizations are discussed in the preceding paragraphs. One major challenges that faces project-based organization is dilemmas associated with their practices and the need theory. According to Syd

The Analects from the Writing of Confucius Essay

The Analects from the Writing of Confucius - Essay Example Confucius talked about ways through which a perfect social order can be established, arguing there is wisdom in encouraging the good characters and punishing to discourage bad deeds. Through this, Confucius envisioned a bright society that would thrive in what is good for all humanity. Consequently, Confucius belittled the principle that says, â€Å"Injury should be paid with kindness† (â€Å"Analects† 2), claiming that kindness should be reciprocated while injury should be met by justice. This is true even today, and the works of Confucius holds true to the establishment of many nations. The establishments of rehabilitation centers for offenders borrow from Confucius teaching. Moreover, punishing lawlessness is an act of helping the suspects so that they can become better individuals. Through this, people in authority do expand their humanness. Further, he questioned the disparity in society as he found nothing imperative in accumulating wealth because â€Å"riches an d honor are a floating cloud†. Confucius argued that virtuous does not stand-alone, and the rich requires the not so rich to survive. In this regard, a virtuous man is whom that shares his wealth.Confucius was angered by the laxity of a political leader. For instance, he reassigned from public office due to internal conflict and political disagreements (Zukeran). Thus, the short stint he had in the position of authority may have influenced his writing on what completes a man.

The role of National Training Awards in Terms of Improving Employee Essay

The role of National Training Awards in Terms of Improving Employee Development in the Current Political, Economic, Social and Technical Environment - Essay Example As the discussion stresses the NTAs accept competitors from all divisions, industries and regions across the UK and provide with an exclusive opportunity to have individual’s training appraised against the best in the UK. Department for Education and Science has established NTA in 1987 which has been independently administered by U.K. Skills and advocated as the training sector’s adaptation of Oscars. This body merged with People’s Training Awards to establish a single display for training eminence. Games of the XXX Olympiad or 2012 Summer Olympic Games, London will watch the high demand in sophisticated mechanical skills. New opportunities will open up and every major sector will require skill.   These new opportunities and skills will help U.K. to compete with the developing economies like India and China. The main issue of this case study is how NTA helps in improving employee development in the current political, economic, social and technical environment. We will be going through the core aspects of NTA and cite examples to show the achievements and benefits of NTA.   From this paper it is clear that recently certain initiatives have been taken by the donors like the European Social Fund (ESF) and the University for Industry (UfI) who has recognized training and development of retail sector as a primary aim in terms of enhancing economic affluence, competitiveness and employment. In a case study of Thorn Lighting Limited, the main point of discussion was the Spennymoor enterprise in UK, whose objective was to supply the quality products at a minimum cost provided to satisfy customers’ needs. The enterprise hired above one thousand workforces and since 1989 has gone through changes in organizations and culture allowing doubling its share in market.

Human Resources Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Human Resources Management - Research Paper Example The job knowledge tests are based on multiple-choice questions (MCQs) that may either be administered via a computer or paper and pencil. Personality tests tend to assess the candidate’s personality characteristics that relate to the job. Such factors include extraversion, openness, conscientiousness, conflict avoidance and resolution skills, and agreeableness. These tests may be based on MCQs or True/False questions and are also administered via a computer or paper and pencil. Situational judgment tests provide the candidates with situations in which they are required to tell how they would perform. These situations are usually the ones the candidates would be encountering at work. These tests may either be administered in written form or may be videotaped. These tests tend to evaluate the informed decision making skills of the candidates in tough circumstances and with very little time to make the decision. Interview is amongst the most widely employed methods of selection. Most interviews are unstructured which means that there are no definite questions and these interviews are without any agreed-upon standards of evaluation of the candidate’s performance. These interviews may be conducted face-to-face, over the phone, or in a group. Structured interviews, on the other hand, evaluate the candidate’s skills with the help of a definite set of questions previously set by the interviewer. Like the unstructured interviews, the structured interviews are also conducted either face-to-face, over the phone, or in a group. Interviewing is a technical process and requires very fine skills on the part of the interviewer for the skills of the candidate to be appropriately judged. There are certain strategies and precautions that can help an interviewer make the interview effective. Some organizations take the services of an employment agency to conduct the

Public speaking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public speaking - Essay Example The two goals contradicted each other, as Vietnams had threatened to attack US if their troops were not to be withdrawn from South Vietnams. For that reason, Nixon addressed the issue with a two sided mind. Paradoxically, Nixon imparts a withdrawal mode to his audience, a strategy that makes them feel like he cares so much for the Americans, and especially the American men in Vietnam. He acknowledges that American troops stand a higher risk in the attacked zones but concludes the sentence by mentioning that withdrawing implies a greater risk to the natives of the attached zones. Nixon considers it wise to analyse the situation in two ways to make the audience understand that withdrawal, as the solution suggested earlier, is a controversial action that worsens the situation. As matter of fact, the Nixon understands that his audience are Americans, who would want their men protected but keeps in mind that the outside world is also watching his action. Therefore, the speech is planned n ot only to please the immediate audience but ensure that the problem is effectively addressed. Nixon confidently convinces the audience that his speech is well advised, by mentioning that the decision being presented wasn’t his own opinion but an informed discussion with national Security Council, other crucial personnel as well as the president’s advisers. To ensure this confidence, the speech creates some sense of inductive reasoning, by first defining the problem, analysing the available solutions and drawing a generalised conclusion later on. Nixon explains the problem by describing the actions and motives of the enemy. According to Nixon, America has no enmity whatsoever with North Vietnam, in the past there had been no troops moving to attack Vietnam, neither had the south Vietnams attacked their opponents before . He at the same time mentions the existence of alliance with South Vietnams. These create some sense of reasoning to the audience that

How and Why Did Korean Immigration Begin to the US, Southeast Research Paper

How and Why Did Korean Immigration Begin to the US, Southeast Immigrants as Refugees - Research Paper Example During the first wave, Koreans immigrated to Hawaii because of national problems in Korea, specifically, famine, heavy taxes, the epidemic of cholera, and government corruption. Some of the hardships they experienced as immigrants were poverty, racial discrimination, and social alienation. In order to adjust in Hawaii, these first-wave Korean immigrants resisted integration and assimilation through 1) creating Korean language schools in 1945, 2) establishing churches and patriotic organizations, and 3) following a government-in-exile model. Second-wave Korean immigrants were mostly Korean War brides, orphans, and students who immigrated to the U.S. because of the Korean War. Several hardships that they experienced were: 1) for the Korean brides, culture shock, language and cultural differences, isolation, and alienation; 2) for the Korean orphans, some concerns for dual identity; and 3) alienation for Korean students. Korean brides coped through connecting with fellow Koreans when su ch friendships were accessible and integrating and assimilating for the Korean orphans and students. Third-wave Korean immigrants went to the U.S. because they are searching for better economic and educational opportunities since the Immigration and Naturalization Act of 1965 made it easier for them to immigrate too. Some of the problems they experienced were: 1) cultural and language differences, 2) changes in gender roles, 3) conflicts in norms and values, 4)   attaining a healthy identity in white mainstream culture, and 4) preserving local values, beliefs, and practices (121). To ease their adjustment, some of the things that the Koreans did were: 1) create ethnic communities where ethnic and language differences can be erased because of the preservation of local values and language; 2) establish Christian churches that retain local norms and values; 3) preserve family and kinship ties by decreasing multiracial contacts; 4) participate in non-ethnic organizations; and 5) use h ard work ethics in attaining success.  

Observation Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Observation - Research Paper Example The interactions were thus, mainly between the coffee shop waiters and the students or among the groups of students. The observations of the first day were students coming in mostly in groups and sitting at large tables. The waiters greeted them nicely and in a friendly manner asking them what they would want to have. The students discussed with one another, showed certain confusions, conflicts, indecisiveness, and lack of coordination. The order was taken and the waiter simply smiled at the group of students. The students then interacted with one another, enjoyed, and talked about their colleagues, teachers, and studies. They talked about their upcoming history project that they all found difficult and were tensed about. Then they talked about their rival group in class and how much they disliked them. They continued their discussions while eating and having their coffees then went away. Another couple walked in by then, the waiter greeted them and took their order; they talked to each other all the time, and then went away after their coffee. On the second day, again a group of college students entered the coffee shop. The waiter greeted them nicely and they seemed to know him well as they asked him how he’s doing and whether his new boss is taking too much work from him. This group of students walked in with bags and books in their hands. They were calm and rather more sophisticated than the group on the first day. One of them gave the order to the waiter on behalf of everyone and soon they started their group study session. One of the group member started explaining the others and they heard him with serious expressions while having their coffees. On the third day of observation, the coffee shop was highly crowded and rushed. There were three girls sitting on one table constantly gossiping and talking to one another and they had their phones in their hands too through which they clicked several pictures. A

Examining Government Regulations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Examining Government Regulations - Essay Example The American Civil Liberties Union of New Jersey and the states chapter of the National Organization for Women both questioned whether the mandated tests violate a womans right to privacy and the right to make her own medical decisions (Richburg, 2007, Pg. 1)†. Additionally, it is reported that 98 percent of women want to get their children tested for AIDS at birth and this makes the law unnecessary as well. On the other hand, lawmakers believe that the risk of exposing children to a mother who is a carrier of the virus is simply too great to allow for testing to be conducted at will therefore mandatory testing should be made a requirement in New Jersey. The government is certainly worried about the AIDS issue and has made advisory councils to give recommendations towards preventing an AIDS epidemic in New Jersey (McGreevey, 2003). In fact, there are several other groups which support the idea for screening unborn children and amongst them, the CDC (Center for Disease Control) believes that HIV screening should be made a part of the regular prenatal tests that are conducted in America. Thus HIV Tests would be made a part of the basic testing for unborn children for which no written authorization is required (Richburg, 2007). The scientific evidence at hand certainly supports this idea since early detection and treatment with retroviral drugs reduced the chance of transmitting the disease from mother to child to less than 2 percent. The present rate of infection from mothers to children in New Jersey is minimal since in 2005, only seven such transmissions were recorded with more than 100,000 births. In 2006, only two such cases were reported in New Jersey and this situation makes some people think that the law is a case of too little too late (Richburg, 2007). On the other hand, New Jersey’s syringe exchange program was the last one to be started in the Northeast since New Jersey was

Dialysis Experience Essay Example for Free

Dialysis Experience Essay Hemodialysis (HD) is one of several renal replacement therapies used for the treatment of end stage kidney disease (ESKD) and kidney failure. Dialysis removes excess fluids and waste products and restores chemical and electrolyte balance. HD involves passing the patient’s blood through an artificial semipermeable membrane to perform the filtering and excretion functions of the kidney. One important step before starting regular hemodialysis sessions is preparing the vascular access; ideally, a vascular access should be placed weeks or months before you start dialysis. The early placement of the vascular access will allow sufficient time for the access to heal and mature. The three basic kinds of vascular access for hemodialysis are an arteriovenous (AV) fistula, an arteriovenous (AV) graft, and a venous catheter. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) occurs though diffusion and osmosis across the semipermeable peritoneal membrane and capillaries. The peritoneal membrane is large and porous. It allows solutes and water to move from an area of higher concentration in the blood to an area of lower concentration in the dialyzing fluid (diffusion). The fluid and waste products dialyzed from the patient move through the blood vessel walls, the interstitial tissues, and the peritoneal membrane and are removed when the dialyzing fluid is drained from the body through a siliconized rubber (Silastic) catheter that is surgically placed into the abdominal cavity. PD is slower than hemodialysis (HD), however, and more time is needed to achieve the same effect. As far as treatment options, both have complications. Hemodialysis includes Disequilibrium syndrome, muscle cramps, hemorrhage, air embolus, cardiac dysrhythmia, and Hemodynamic changes such as hypotension and anemia. Peritoneal dialysis complications include protein loss, peritonitis, hyperglycemia, respiratory distress, and bowel perforation. Hemodialysis Nursing care and roles are to monitor the patient immediately and for several hours after dialysis for any side effects from the treatment. Common problems include hypotension, headache, nausea, malaise, and vomiting, dizziness, and muscle cramps. The nurse must obtain vital signs and weight for comparison with pre-dialysis measurements. Blood pressure and weight are expected to be reduced as a result of fluid removal. Hypotension may require rehydration with IV fluids, such as normal saline. The patient’s temperature may also be elevated because the dialysis machine warms the blood slightly. If a fever results, sepsis may be present and a blood sample is needed for culture and sensitivity. The heparin required during hemodialysis increases the clotting time and thus the risk for excessive bleeding. All invasive procedures must be avoided for 4 to 6 hours after dialysis. Continually monitor the patient for hemorrhage during dialysis and for one hour after. Peritoneal dialysis nursing care and roles are to start and monitor during PD. Before treatment, assess baseline vital signs including blood pressure, apical and radial pulse rates, temperature, quality of respirations, and breath sounds. Weigh the patient, always on the same scale, before the procedure and at least 24 hours while receiving treatment. Weight should be checked after a drain and before the next fill to monitor the patient’s dry weight. Baseline laboratory tests, such as electrolyte and glucose levels, are obtained before starting PD and are repeated at least daily during the treatment. Vital signs need to be recorded every 15-30 minutes. Assess for signs of respiratory distress, pain, discomfort. Dressing around the catheter site must be checked every 30 minutes for wetness during procedure. Maintain accurate inflow and outflow records. The nurse monitors the treatment to make sure the client is getting the right amount of hemodialysis to remove enough wastes from the blood. About once a month, the client’s blood will be tested by using one of two formulas; urea reduction ratio (URR) or total urea clearance (Kt/V). The physician may adjust the hemodialysis intensity and frequency based on the test results. These labs are crucial and must be checked monthly while being on dialysis. Mr. L was the gentleman I chose to assess, he was very friendly and talkative; has been a dialysis client for the past three years. He has dialysis treatments three times a week, and treatments are approximately 3 to 4 hours long depending on his level that day. I asked Mr. L how he felt about being on dialysis and his response was â€Å"In the early days of dialysis, I would not even drive myself home. I would just collapse on the couch in he living room and be there until morning. But all that has changed. I now drive myself to and from dialysis, and I feel just fine after. I even have a part time job now. I tend to be very hungry after dialysis so I try eating something as soon as I get home. Just one evening recently it was like old times. It was because the nurse took off more than I wanted and my body really reacted to it. I just went home and collapsed. I was not even able to work the next day. But that is very rare for me. † I enjoyed our conversation and my experience at the dialysis center.

Review Of The Historical Perspective Animation Essay

Review Of The Historical Perspective Animation Essay This section in my dissertation focuses not on the history of animation per se but on the evolution and progress of animation in films and in particular claymation which is one form of stop-motion animation. The desire to animate is as old as art itself. Animation is a form of movie magic with its origins in art form. The earliest examples are still drawings, found in Palaeolithic cave paintings depicting animals with multiple sets of legs in superimposed positions, that attempted to convey the illusion of movement. While such images came to life through fairy tales and folk lore, it was only during the 19th century -when inventions were made to make motion picture- that animated pictures became a real possibility. A live -action film and an animated film are different because the live -action camera captures a scene moving in real time, automatically freezing into separate still pictures that can then be projected on to a screen. In an animation film, the animator, on the contrary, can not film anything until and unless he/ she creates through drawings(2D animation) or models (3 D animation) or computer imagery every single frame of a film from scratch. While animation is definitely a highly creative medium, it entails time-consuming processes for an animator who should have vision, faith in the concept and creation, abundant patience and capacity for sustained efforts. THE DEVICES: The development of devices from crude form to highly technical gadget has played a key role in evolution of animation over the years. The earliest device to create an image of a moving picture is known as Zoetrope, invented in China around 180 AD. The modern day zoetrope contraption was produced in 1834 by William George Horner and is considered to be the beginning of the animation devices. The device is basically a cylinder with vertical slits around the sides. Around the inside edge of the cylinder there are a series of pictures on the opposite side to the slits. As the cylinder is spun, the user then looks through the slits producing the illusion of motion. Actually, even in present day animation classes for the beginners, the Zoetrope is being used to explain the early concepts of animation. The magic lantern, believed to have originated from China in the 16th century, is the precursor to the modern day projector. It consisted of a translucent oil painting and a simple lamp. When put together in a darkened room, the image would appear larger on a flat surface. The most significant early day animation device was Phenakistoscope (1831) disc, invented simultaneously by the Belgian Joseph Plateau and the Austrian Simon von Stampfer. The photographic sequence experiments done by English-born American Eadweard Muybridge in 1872, using 24 still cameras set up along side horse race track, have been of help to later generation of animators. The animated film took a major step thanks to a sophisticated version of Zoetrope, known as Praxinoscope, invented by French scientist Charles-Émile Reynaud in 1877, a painter of lantern-slides. It used the same basic mechanism of a strip of images placed on the inside of a spinning cylinder, but instead of viewing it through slits, it was viewed in a series of small, stationary mirrors around the inside of the cylinder, so that the animation would stay in place, and provide a clearer image and better quality. After fifteen years of hard work, Reynaud also developed a larger version of the praxinoscope, an animation system using loops of 12 pictures, that could be projected onto a screen, called the Thà ©Ãƒ ¢tre Optique, first demonstrated at the Musee Grevin, Paris in 1892, comprising 500 pictures on a transparent strip of gelatin. This was the first animation film entitled Pantomimes Lumineuses which lasted up to fifteen minutes. Reynauds films were simple tales mainly concern ed with love and rivalry. Reynaud used drawings rather than photographic images, and every subsequent animated film using line animation -from Felix the Cat and Micky Mouse to the Rugrats and the Simpsons -is a successor to the moving pictures that he created. Flip Book, patented in 1868 by a John Barns Linnet, was another development that brought us closer to modern animation. The Flip Book creates the illusion of motion through a set of sequential pictures flipped at a high speed. The Mutoscope (1894) is basically a flip book in a box with a crank handle to flip the pages. 1919 marked the invention of rotoscope. While Emile Reynaud, showed the first animated film using his Theatre Optique system in 1982, three years later, two French brothers, Auguste and Louis Lumiere, presented the first authentic demonstration of what we now think of as cinema. Lumiere Brothers characters were images of real people and hence overshadowed the Emile Reynauds presentations of moving drawings. Humorous Phases of Funny Faces made by J. Stuart Blackton in 1906, featuring a cartoonist drawing faces on a chalkboard, and the faces apparently coming to life, can be termed as the first animated work on standard picture film. This film was released by Vitagraph. Two years later, the French director Émile Cohl (also called Émile Courtet), created Fantasmagorie which was screened for the first time on August 17, 1908 at Theatre du Gymnase in Paris. It was Émile Cohl who relocated to New York City in 1912, spread its technique in the US. Though these animations were rudimentary, Gertie the Dinosaur in 1914 and Koko the Clown in 1919 by Max Fleischer, considered as classics, stepped up the pace of animation films in silent movie era in USA. The Beautiful Lukanida released in 1912 and conceived by the Russian-born director Wladyslaw Starewicz (later known as Ladislas Starevich) gets the honour of being the first puppet animation film. Neither this film, nor the first animated feature film -El Apà ³stol, made in 1917 by Quirino Cristiani from Argentina as well as his two other animated feature films, including 1931s Peludopolis, {the first to use synchronized sound}, have survived the present day. The silhouette-animated Adventures of Prince Achmed (1926) directed by German Lotte Reiniger and French/Hungarian Berthold Bartosch is one of the earliest-surviving animated feature. This film used colour-tinted scenes, perhaps for the first time. The list of other animated films during the silent era included the following films: Gertie the Dinosaur made by Winsor Mccay in 1914, The Sinking of the Lusitania in 1918, Dreams of the Rarebit Fiend in 1921 by John Randolph Bray who rediscovered some of McCays techniques, The Dinosaur and the Missing Link by Willis OBrien in 1915, the first cartoon super star Felix the Cat in 1919 and The Lost World , a stop motion marvel made in 1925. This was followed by the famous Aesops Film Fables during 1921-1929 created by Paul Terry, released by Van Beuren Studios. Initially, Walt Disney also made silent cartoons like Laugh-o-Grams, Alice Comedies, Oswald the Lucky Rabbit and Mickey Mouse. Other significant silent era series were Heeza Liar, Mutt and Jeff, Krazy Kat, Bobby Bumps etc. The notable production houses during this period were: Barre Studio, Bray Productions, Barre-Bowers Studio {The Bray Studios was the first and foremost cartoon studio, housed in New York City-} Many budding cartoonists like Paul Terry of Mighty Mouse fame, Max Fleischer of Betty Boop fame, and Walter Lantz of Woody Woodpecker fame, all statrted their career in this studio.The cartoon studio was based in Circa during 1915-1928. Farmer Alfalfa by Paul Terry and Bobby Bumps by Earl Hurd were well known cartoons produced by the Bray studios. Fleischer Studios, set up by Max and Dave Fleischer created the Koko the Clown, Out of the Inkwell, and Sound Car-Tunes series. In addition, this era also saw distributors of animated films such as Margaret J. Winkler, Charles Mintz, Educational Pictures, Red Seal Pictures, and Bijou Films. Although 1930s witnessed a few more animated feature films, Walt Disneys Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs released in 1937 is deemed to be the first animated feature film with sound effects. It could be because Snow White became successful and well-known within the English-speaking world. The first animation to use the full, three-color Technicolor method was Flowers and Trees (1932) made by Disney Studios which won an academy award for this work. We are all aware how Walt Disney dominated throughout the 1930s, through revolutionary cartoons Silly Symphonies, Mickey Mouse, and Donald Duck. The 1930s, termed as the Golden Era in USA animation also witnessed the emergence of big studios making animation films like Warner Bros, MGM and The Fleischer Studios with their creations like Betty Boop and Popeye cartoons. Following the golden Age of American animation (1920s through 1950s), animation evolved at a more hectic pace during the television era i.e. 1950s through 1980s. During this period, the theatrical cartoons and feature films declined to some extent. Hanna-Barbara productions did dominate this phase with their TV animated series. Then we saw the emergence of morning cartoons on week ends, adult animation in the 70s, and a slew of commercial cartoons in the 1980s. The present day animation (1980s onwards) boasts of mind boggling creations most of which are futuristic in concept such as Who Framed Roger Rabbit, the Disney Renaissance and Steven Spielbergs collaborations with Warner Bros like ET, Jurasic Park etc. The Simpsons is one of the most successful series that revived the adult-oriented animation. The other series of this genre is Cartoons Networks late night animation show Adult Swim. Many studios all over the world have joined the bandwagon of making animation films for world wide distribution. The rise of CGI , increasing popularity of Nickelodeon, Cartoon Network, and the Anime explosion which is mainstream version of Japanese animation represent the current scenario in animation. HISTORY OF STOP -MOTION CLAYMATION: Stop motion and cel animation are two basic techniques in traditional animation. Stop motion animation, is used for many animation productions using physical objects rather than images of people, as with traditional animation. An object will be photographed, moved slightly, and then photographed again. When the pictures are played back in normal speed the object will appear to move by itself. Clay animation is one the forms of stop-motion animation. It is the animation of clay models made preferably of plasticine clay. Producing stop-motion animation using clay /plasticine clay is a time consuming and labour intensive process. That is because, to produce a 30 minute stop motion animation movie using clay models, approximately 21,600 times one has to stop to change the figures for the frames. In the case of feature-length films, in addition to clay, rubber silicone and resin-cast components are used to create models. The term Claymation is a registered trade mark in USA, registered by Will Vinton, the greatest pioneer in clay animation. Though foamation, meaning use of foam-rubber process, invented by Will Vinton has found a place in stop motion animation films, it is clay which is the preferred material to bring about aesthetic effect as well. A variant to claymation is the clay melting used in Will Vintons film Closed Mondays. While there are several forms of clay animation, the notable few are: Freeform claymation represents a process wherein the shape of the clay changes significantly as the animation progresses, as exemplified in the films of Eliot Noyes Jr and Ivan Stang. Character Clay animation maintains a recognisable character throughout the shot as in Art Clokeys and Will Vintons works. The Strata -cut animation entails long bread like loaf of clay packed with varying figures/ images, which is sliced into thin sheets with the camera taking a frame of the end of loaf for each cut as a result of which one could eventually see the movements of internal images within. This technique was pioneered by the German animator Oskar Fischinger during 1920s and 1930s subsequently upgraded by David Daniels in mid-90s as seen in his film Buzz Box. Clay painting is termed as another form of claymation. This process requires clay to be placed on a flat surface and moved like wet oil paints. This technique results in a seamless merger of stop motion and traditional flat animation. Early films using stop-motion were the clasic Chicken Run and Wallace and Gromit, and later The Nightmare Before Christmas and James and the Giant Peach. Sometimes even objects are used, such as with the films of Jan Ã…  vankmajer. Stop motion animation was also commonly used for special effects work in many live-action films, such as the 1933 version of King Kong and The 7th Voyage of Sinbad. It was in 1920s, though eight years earlier Edison Manufacturing released a clay animated trick film called The Sculptors Welsh Rarebit Dream, the clay animation films using either cels or the slash system became the dominant mode in animation film production. Although the cel method was preferred for cartoon films by the studios, clay animation was the medium in the well known film called Modelling produced by Fleischer Studio in 1921. Joan Gratz, won academy nomination for her clay animation films Creation (1980) and won the Oscar for yet another film Mona Lisa descending a Stair Case made in 1982. Craig Barlett, another Vinton animator was known for variation in clay animation used in his series of short films Arnold in the mid 90s. Charles Bowers a comedian with great talent in animation made many bizarre films in the 1920s combining stop-motion animation and comedy. Academy Award winning short films such as Closed Mondays made by Will Vinton and Bob Gardiner in 1974, The Sand Castle'(1977) and Creature Comforts; , produced by Aardman Studios in 1989 and all four Wallace Gromit films created by Nick Park of Arrdman Animation and last but the least The Presentators again filmed by Aardman Animation are typical claymation films. Clay animation has been creatively employed in several computer games as well viz. The Neverhood, Clay Fighter, Patypus, Primal Rage. Besides TV commercials such as Chevron Cars, childrens shows in the electronic media in the recent times are dominated by clay animation techniques which are often seen on Cartoon Network. Computer graphic image of clay animation is presented in a film called Flushed Away. COMPUTER -GENERATED IMAGERY {CGI } What has caused a real revolution in animation industry is the Computer -generated imagery- abbreviated as CGI. It is significantly different from traditional animation because the drawings (known as 2D animation) in traditional animation gave way to 3D Modeling which is the virtual version of stop-motion. CGI combines these two forms of animation through computer aided animation but on 2D Computer drawing. CGI is as tedious as the traditional animation and many of the underlying principles of traditional animation are used albeit through computer aided software programmes. Most of the characters employed in CGI films are based on animal characters, monsters, machines or cartoon-like humans. The latest rend is to create realistic-looking humans. The notable animation films of this genre are Films are Final Fantasy: The Spirits Within in 2001, Final Fantasy: Advent Children in 2005, The Polar Express in 2004, and Beowulf in 2007. The constraint in this method of animation is to create the nuances and details of a living person if one has to make a realistic CG character; in particular, to synchronise the movement of the hair and clothing with the animated human character. CEL-SHADED ANIMATION Cel shading is a type of rendering, known as non photorealistic rendering, to make computer graphics appear to be hand-drawn. A recent development and a comples process, this is generally applied to mimic the style of a comic book or cartoon. The console video games use cel- shaded animation in addition to computer graphics. The material used in cel- shaded animation is the clear sheets of acetate , called cels. Some animators consider Cel -shaded animation as 2.5 D form of animation, a via media between 2D and 3D animation. It was only the console video games which shows the true real-time cel-shading as seen in Segas Jet Set Radio launched in 2000 for their Dreamcast console. This style of animation was used in Freedom Project in 2006. ANIMATION IN INDIA: As in the western countries, the roots of animation in India are in Indian Cinema. In the early 20s, Dadasaheb Phalke, arguably one of the founders of Indian Cinema, {in whose name a prestigious award has been instituted to honour every year outstanding contribution in the field of cinema}, match sticks and a stop-motion camera to create a short film which was unfortunately not distributed for public viewing. After a lot of struggle, he succeeded in making a stop motion film The Growth of A Pea Plant in 1912, marking the beginning of animation in films in India. However, the first animation film ever released in a theater was The Pea Brothers produced by New Theatres Limited, and directed by Gunamoy Banerjee, and released on June 23, 1934. It took nearly seventeen years to produce the next animation film called Jumbo The Fox coming from Ranjit Movietone and released in 1951. In the same year, another animation from New Theatres, Michke Potash, directed by Bhaktaram Mitra was release d. The Ministry of Information and Broadcasting , Government of India set up a Cartoon Film Unit as part of its Filns Division to promote animation films. This unit produced in 1956 Radha and Krishna, a 22 minute film based on cel animation, directed by J.S. Bhownagary. It is believed that camera movements over the miniature paintings of Indian art were employed to create the animation. This film won prestigious awards in International Film Festival held in Berlin. Films Division had a team of animators like Kantilal Rathore, Pramod Pati, G.K. Godbole, and V.G. Samant, along with Ram Mohan, Bhimsain, Satam, Suresh Nayek. A film which impacted animation in India was Kalpana, made in 1948, directed by the legendary dance maestro Uday Shankar, although it was not an animation film. Because, the use of feet movement, film language with rhythm and melody skillfully synchronized appealed to all the film makers including Satyajit Ray Mrinal Sen, doyens of Indian Cinema.

Importance of language in science education

Importance of language in science education Mauritius has lately seen a decline in the number of students opting for science. According to the Mauritius Research Council (2004) increasingly science is becoming less popular in schools. Furthermore, less than 30% of the pupils doing school certificate will opt for science. There are many reasons for this. The science subjects are often considered to be difficult and there is a perceived lack of job opportunities. The low ratio of scientist to population in Mauritius does not augur well for the future. There is a need to produce a critical mass of broad based and specialized scientists during the coming decades to facilitate the emergence of the knowledge economy to serve the region (Education strategic plan, 114). This chapter attempts to shed some light on the occurrence of the decline of popularity of science subjects and the situation in Mauritius.This introductory chapter also discusses the reasons behind my choice for the research focus, aims and sub questions. 1.1. Education in Mauritius Education encompasses teaching and learning specific skills and something less tangible but more profound: the imparting of knowledge, good judgment and wisdom. (Rughooputh, 2005, p.2). Moving from a mono-crop based economy to a more diverse and complex economic structure which is spreading its reach towards the service sector, Mauritius is now one of the leading nations in terms of economic growth in the African and Indian Ocean region. If Mauritius aims at becoming a globally competitive nation, it is critical that the country shores up its capacity in Tertiary Education, in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI) and in human resources generally (Budget Speech, 2008-2009, p.11.). Education is vital to a nation addressing human development, satisfying employment and in setting the pace for social mobility. It is also of crucial importance in providing a highly skilled labor force as per the economic requirements of the challenges of time. (Rughooputh,2000 ,pp 1-17 ) The ultimate objective of any educational enterprise is to improve student achievement so that individuals may fulfil their personal aspirations and become contributing members of society. Improving student achievement and attaining excellence is hard. According to Classen (1999) it is by equipping children with knowledge, skills and attitudes that we can ensure that they become full fledged citizens and self directed life long learners who can co-exist in a world characterized by diversity and pluralism. 1.2 Importance and role of Science education Recent studies on the status of science and technology in Mauritius, focusing on the education sector, show that science as a subject is becoming increasingly less attractive to pupils, as is the case in many countries across the world. (Suddhoo, 2003). Our current lacking in science could have implications on the quality of our human resource, particularly within the context of the vision of transforming the country into a Cyber island. There needs to be a complete review of the teaching and learning of science in schools. The current state of affairs is already leading to pupils and students shying away from science for many reasons varying from science to be perceived as a difficult subject to the lack of career opportunities for those opting for scientific subjects. (Education strategic plan., 2008-2020, p. 62). 1.3. Importance of language in science education Reasoning and argument, so essential to communication in science, proceed in words. The more contentious the argument, the simpler and more charged the words (Hoffmann, 1988). The choice of the language of instruction used in school is of utmost importance. This is an issue that needs attention in Mauritius especially in view of its specificity and also the socio-economically disadvantaged areas where both family and community exposure to the English language (the official language of instruction and assessment in schools) is limited. (Education Strategic plan., 2008-2020, p. 38). The use of English in examinations is not going to change in the near future though in the new education strategic plan proposed by the current education minister there was mention for a need of broad based national consultation concerning the change of the official language of instruction and assessment. (Education Strategic plan., 2008-2020, p 38). The use of the language of instruction used in schools is of utmost importance to ensure that all the students learn effectively. Mauritian children have a great resource- bilinguism and sometimes even trilinguism. However, this causes some problems in schools. For example, there is quite a lot of Creole interference in classes especially for low ability students 1.4 Professional context and research focus Our island has a highly diverse population. The official language is English whereas the vernacular language is Creole. According to the latest census (2000) Creole is spoken and used in daily interactions by 80.5% of the population, and English is spoken and used in daily interactions by less than 1% of the population. Students entering the secondary schools therefore, come from a Creole-speaking environment and English is the language of instruction in schools is English. My concern is that the quality of results is poor. As an educator, I have the interests of my pupils at heart. From discussions with my own students and colleagues, one prominent issue stuck out. Students have difficulties with the medium of language (that is English).According to the latest census (2000), English although it is the official language of the state (and thus, the official language of instruction in schools) is spoken and used in daily interactions by less than 1% of the population. There is a major problem in the writing, reading and understanding the language of biology and consequently the pupils do not manage to reach the adequate level of scientific literacy. This is mainly because at the heart of science is a language concept: asking and answering questions. It is argued that language plays an active role in the development of scientific ideas (Ford and Peat., 1988, p.12). There is a need therefore to investigate, to see how much language is a barrier to successful studies in science. There is moreover, a need to explore how low language efficiency affects the understanding and performance of students. I intend to explore different teaching strategies and I believe that it will help me advance in professional knowledge. Our current lacking in science could have implications on the quality of our human resource, particularly within the context of the vision of transforming the country into a Cyber island. There needs to be a complete review of the teaching and learning of science in schools. The current state of affairs is already leading to pupils and students shying away from science for many reasons varying from science to be perceived as a difficult subject to the lack of career opportunities for those opting for scientific subjects. (Education strategic plan., 2008-2020, p. 62). The current disaffection for scientific disciplines, coupled with the need to open the minds of children to observation, deductive reasoning, teamwork, free thinking and universal truths leaves us no choice but to rethink the way we teach science to children, if we want them to enjoy learning and to think both imaginatively and rationally. In the Mauritian Education system, it is a fact that we are bilingual, and that most of the classes and exams( the exception being French obviously) at the primary, secondary and tertiary level are conducted in English. There is a major interference of Creole in the language used and written by pupils. Stress on proper English can inhibit many children from expressing themselves in the kind of language they use at home, while learning for all too many students means guessing what answers the teacher expects. It is a simple truth that teachers communicate both information and values to their students, and do so almost exclusively through language. It is based on research using transcripts of actual lessons to show how questions demanding factual (rather than reasoned) answers are used-if not overused-in arts subjects, and how science teachers can learn to avoid vocabulary, which is too abstract or technical. (Barnes et al, 1989, pp.5-6) It therefore seems that language that we are using in class to teach is of great importance. From my three years teaching experience one major problem I have encountered in my biology classes is the pupils have inadequate language proficiency( English in our context) to be able to write their answers correctly and sometimes even in understanding the questions set. I need to improve their language efficiency and consequently their biology proficiency. Language learning is not a simple linear process, but involves the ongoing development of skills for a range of purposes. This development is largely the result of the social contexts and interactions in which learning occurs. By focusing on the ways in which teachers can scaffold language and learning in the content areas, one can take a holistic approach-one that appreciates the struggle of students learning a new language, while simultaneously developing subject knowledge in it, and the challenge for teachers to address these needs( Gibbons, 2002, p.3). As an educator, I sincerely wish to be able to create capable, confident biology students who are effective communicators through oral and written language. They should be able to make informed decisions for themselves especially in a scientific way and to contribute wisely to the society and nation at large. According to Yore et al., (1995) the acquisition of both language literacy and science literacy is dependent on the students ability to think critically in similar ways. They also assert that the reading process corresponds to the process of scientific inquiry. Both require skills in setting purposes, questioning, predicting, analyzing evidence and drawing conclusions, and communicating results. Many children find science to be an interesting subject. We have to develop ways to make students enjoy science content, and develop their thinking and literacy skills during different activities. Research has shown that, reading and writing about science help develop and reinforce desired science concepts (Yore, 2003; Palincsar Magnussen, 2001; Thier, 2002). Upon examination, it is clear that scientific literacy and language literacy have much in common (Alvermann, 2004; Baker, 2004; Casteel Isom, 1994). They work together in strengthening skills and strategies in both curricular areas. As Marlene Thier (2002) explains, Good science-and effective teaching and learning in science-is dependent upon strong language skills. Indeed, science and language are inextricably linked in the pursuit, determination and communication of meaning in the context of the physical world( Ogle and Mckee., 2005, p1) That is why the research focus I am planning to carry out is an action research 1.4.1Sub-questions: What is the current language literacy of my form 3 students? What aspects of language should I deal with as a science educator? Why there is a need to take remedial action change concerning language in biology teaching and learning? How can I improve students performance at my school in biology? Aims: I want to know how my form 3 students perceive biology and what they believe to be the major obstacles in order to succeed with good grades. At the end of the dissertation, I want to show that one problem that I face in biology teaching can be diminished through different teaching and learning styles. Furthermore, an important outcome of biology teaching is to improve their writing. Therefore, through various activities I want to develop that. The purpose of my study is: To improve my teaching capacities. To increase performance of biology students at my school through different activities. To develop an appreciation of biology in my students. To diminish the incidence of language being a major barrier to the successful and efficient learning of the subject.

Physics of Baseball Essay -- physics sport sports baseball

Ever wonder why a curve ball curves? Or why a bat breaks when it hits the ball? Or how exactly a homerun is hit? Here you will find the answers to these questions. I will discuss a brief history of baseball, forces that are applied in baseball, the curve ball, and what exactly happens when the ball meets the bat. In the early days of the history of baseball there were several variations of the game known as Rounders, but the game had no set of "official" rules. This game of Rounders eventually led to a game known as Town Ball and then to the game we now know as baseball. In 1845, a man known as Alexander Cartwright was looking for some recreation with a group of friends. They began to play a version of Rounders, but Cartwright added some new rules to the game. He began to give the game some order and precision. He made the decision that the bases should be set at 90 feet apart and that they should be in a diamond formation. He also decided that there should be 9 players on each team and devised the positioning that is still used today. Cartwright decided that each team would get three outs and then switch sides. He also decided that a 90 degree angle should be used to determine if a ball was playable. This is where we got the foul ball. The beginning of baseball had begun. The first organized baseball game was between two rival clubs that took place on June 19, 1846 at Elysian Field in Hoboken, New Jersey. The game took place between the Knickerbocker club from New York City and the New York Nine. The New York Nine won the game. Eventually other people caught onto this sport and clubs all over formed teams that would play against each other. The game spread across the country and became known as the New York game. Lat... ...ns are caused and more energy goes into the ball causing it go a further distance. When the ball hits the bat the bat recoils. If the bat recoils then energy is lost into making the ball go further then it would have. Having a heavier bat causes less recoil. Why not have a really heavy bat? Because you need to swing the bat and a faster bat speed causes the ball to go farther. What makes it go so far? Basically it is the speed of the bat. The speed of the ball is a factor as well but not as much as the speed of the bat. The weight distribution as well as the weight of the bat matters. The heavier the bat the more bounciness the ball will have, also known as the Coefficient Of Restitution (COR). The COR of a base ball is measured at .5. This means that if you were to drop that ball on a hard surface the ball would bounce back up  ¼ the distance it left at.

W.E.B. Dubois: His Vision For Freedom Essay -- Racial Relations, Afric

African Americans during the 1900s lived lives full of uncertainty. They were no longer slaves, but still looked upon by many as inferior to the white race. However in this period of tension, there were men who sought to bring their race to new heights. One of these men was W.E.B Du Bois. Few have influenced the lives of African Americans in such a way as W.E.B Du Bois. The vision he had for African Americans was one that many found great hope in. He sought for the day that his race for finally have civil equality in every aspect of life. In the time of Du Bois, African Americans may have been considered free but still lacked many civil liberties, that the whites were easily granted. One of the biggest civil liberties they lacked was voting rights. To Du Bois voting for African Americans was one of his greatest hopes, he believed that â€Å"with the right to vote goes everything† (NMS 1). If African Americans could gain this right, the doors to other civil equalities would then open. However this was not such an easy tasks, there were so many â€Å"flagrant...political scandals that reputable men began to leave politics alone† (Son of Masters 5). The African American men and women had been so put down by the whites, that voting to them became too much of a hassle. Even though views toward voting seemed hopeless and a great hassle, Du Bois spoke out the with the biggest question of them all â€Å"It is possible, and probable, the nine million of men can make effective progress in economic lines if the y are deprived of political rights† (Du Bois 5)? How could African Americans build their lives, if they had no say in any of it? It was clear to Du Bois that voting was essential, without it his people would not be able to live equally among th... ...he separation and how these ugly vision that the races had of each other, made Du Bois realize that if African Americans could again regain the direct contact they once had with whites they may also begin to see the good in each other, and with this would come the general civil right they so desperately needed. They would be able, to choose who â€Å"to walk, to talk and be with (.NMS 2), where they wanted to watch a show, even how they got to that show. The general freedoms of everyday life is what Du Bois wished to see. African Americans in the 1900s may have not reached complete freedom just yet, but thanks to the men like Du Bois who took a stand, all hope was not lost. Du Bois brought a vision that with small victories in voting, education, and overall daily freedoms, the African American people would finally be seen as equal to their white brothers and sisters.

Shoot The Teacher :: essays research papers

Shoot The Teacher During the couple of days that pass in this book, lots of things happen. A boy in his mid teens becomes to heavy a burden for his mother to carry. She kicks him out. Her divorced husband gets to take care of Adam. Adam and his father, who Adam calles Simon, move to a new place with a new school where Simon is a teacher. The very first day they're involved in a shooting. But there is more to come! Three people are shot and killed in only a few days. There are many theories of hwo comitted the killings. Simon is the main suspect, however he's found innocent. Instead the find that the murderer is Adam's only friend Naomi, who was the stepdaughter of the first victim. Adam is in the beginning of the book a rebellious young man. The typical teenager in revolt. He's growing his hair long, refusing to go to school and talking back to his mother. He seemes to calm down quite a bit though in just a few days. As a matter of fact, as soon they arrive at the new school, Adam seemes to be more mature and calm. Maybe that's because he doesn't have any friends in the new school, maybe because he feels inferior being the new kid and outsider that he is. Adam's relationship to his father seemes to vary a lot. At first Adam looks at his father as if he was a perfect stranger.And he has all rights to do that since they practicly hadn't seen each other att all since Adam was born. Then some kind of a father-son friendship evolves, but I get the feeling that it's only because they feel they have to. When Simon is accused of murder, Adam starts to hate him. Perhaps stop caring about it, is a better way of describing Adam's feelings towards his dad. The author used a technique with many enviromental descriptions. He didn't use a lot of fancy words, probably because it is a youth book.

NSTP or National Service Training Program Essay

â€Å"The purpose of life is not to be happy. It is to be useful, to be honorable, to be compassionate, to have it make some difference that you have lived and lived well.† – Ralph Waldo Emerson. NSTP or National Service Training Program for me has become more than just a required two-semester course for me to graduate. It taught me life lessons that cannot be learned inside the four walls of our classroom. It taught how I can serve my country in my own little way. It taught me that in helping others, no matter how small we think it may be, could make a big difference and impact to other people. To be honest, I chose LTS or Literacy Training Service as my NSTP course just for the sake of choosing. As months passed by, I unexpectedly start to love LTS. I learned the basics in first-aid and disaster risk reduction management. We went to a school in Samal Bataan for two Saturdays for our fieldwork. There I met a lot of grade six students which I immediately became friends with. We prepared art work projects, science experiments, played charades for their enjoyment while at the same time making sure that they are learning from the activities. We were assigned to review them for the upcoming National Achievement Test. I was assigned to two students which I admit was pretty challenging at first because I am a shy person and I am not really patient when it comes to teaching others so having to teach two grade six students was really hard for me. It definitely made me step out of my comfort zone. I was pretty sad after our field work because I was already attached to my two students. So before we parted ways, we gave each other a little something so that we would not forget each other and promised to meet again someday. Over-all, LTS taught me three things: patience, deeper appreciation in life, and valuing education more. First, I learned how to be patient in terms of teaching my students. They have different personalities so I have to extend my patience and be more flexible when it comes to teaching them. Second is deeper appreciation in life. I realized that I am more than blessed because I get to study in a good university while others are struggling hard financially just to attend school every day. I also learned to value education more.

Sigma Six Iso 900 and Tqm Summary

DMADV a. k. a. DFSS The DMADV show methodology, in like manner known asDFSS(DesignFor siseSigma),12features atomic number 23 phases * prep atomic number 18 calculative goals that be consistent with guest demands and the enterprise strategy. * Mea veritableand identify CTQs (characteristics that beCriticalToQuality), convergence capabili connections, yieldion variegate capability, and risks. * Analyzeto develop and design alternatives, make out a high- aim design and respect design capability to select the go around design. * Designdetails, favourimize the design, and plan for design verification.This phase whitethorn require simulations. * checkthe design, set up pilot runs, carry through the production act and hand it e trulywhere to the process owner(s). In nightspot to compass out a potential encounter its imperative 1 understands the sextet Sigma DMAIC requirements. A great example of project scoping is alike(p) to a physician diagnosing a patient with a specific illness. potent project scoping is as sanitary as comparable to a physician treating a patient with a specific illness, attention to detail is classic when diagnosing a patient (Lynch, Bertolino, Cloutier, 2003).The furbish up phase of a 6 sigma project is one of the more than or less vital phases. The circumscribe phase washstand curb the around impact on the success of the project. The DMAIC 6 Sigma methodology should be used when a product or process is soon in place, but for rough drive does non meet the node stipulation or is non performing effectively, The DMADV methodology should be used when a freshly product or process is universe introduced, when a process does not exist, or has reached entitlement. If a defect exists, one should opt toward using the DMAIC methodology to contend a six sigma project.Due to the nature of this process, identifying the customer specifications, designing and optimizing solutions, go throughing the new process , product or service, a DMADV project dope be more convoluted and be potentially protracted in duration. Some Black Belts may be tempted to defer to DMADV when the process to be improved is not written typographysed. Consider whether the work, process, or service is occurring today. If it is, and so(prenominal) one would by chance set about a project that should protrude as a DMAIC project. The process should then be documented as one of the early steps in the sudor toward reducing defect variation.Another joint tripper occurs when projects are identify as DMADV and the allow for tools are not used. The DMADV methodology leverages uncomparable tools to capture the Voice of the Customer and empathize to CTQs, which is an acronym for Critical to Quality and then to utilitarian Design Requirements. These tools take on Kano Analysis, Quality intent Deployment, and Pugh Matrix. Leveraging these tools during a DMADV project helps batten down that the effort to create a product, process, or service entrust deliver the most important customer requirements. Conclusion half dozen Sigma is one pure tone dust that has outlasted other prime(prenominal) attention systems (Brinlee, n. d. ). on that point are dozens of tools and parcel syllabuss available however, in that location are basics that all should know. Depending on ones training as a green or threatening belt, the six sigma tools used can vary. just about all six sigma software programs are designed to allow the computer to presage to decrease the potential of human error. There are two basic classifications of six sigma tools process optimization tools and statistical compendium tools (Brinlee, n. d. ).Analysis After you spot your inquiry conclusion and take denotations, enthrall can your abstract of the teaching here. By starting time-class honours degree the paragraph with a bolded word, it go a itinerary be much(prenominal) more unmistakable to the evaluator tha t this is where they volition find your outline of the information kind of than it appearing as if it is secernate of the boldness for summary. Bene twins of sixer Sigma It is clear that many companies nurture capitalized on the application of Six Sigma to in that respect parentage model. If we look deeper into the appeal of Six Sigma, past the historical quantitative gains, we leave find several benefits that companies find attractive. Pande, 2000) Six Sigma, 1. Generates sustained success The only concentreing to sustain a high level of growth is to continually innovate and refashion the organization. A Six Sigma process creates the skills and destination to achieve this continuous process full cycle. 2. Sets a performance goal for everyone a caller is made up of triple departments with different confinements and objectives. Six Sigma provides a common objective for all departments to be as close to perfect as possible. The theme is that if you understand th e customers requirements, then you can mea undisputable for defects. . Enhances Customer nurse The focus of Six Sigma is understanding what the customer requirements are and delivering a product or service within those requirements. 4. Increases the rate of bankruptment Six Sigma helps a party stay put on top of its melioration efforts by constantly updating requirements and identifying defects in front they happen. 5. Promotes Learning Six sigma brings experts to chokeher with novices to sway the process and teach the Six Sigma way of fear. Companies that use Six Sigma view it as learning tool that is critical to their success. 6. Executes strategical sort Six Sigma sacrifices you a smash understanding of your companies processes. The ism is tied bandaging to the companies goals so when its time for change thither is a higher luck of success. (Pande, 2000) Six Sigma Negatives Six Sigma is has not been thriving for every company. Critics point to several bad-t emperedors as negatives of Six Sigma. Some point to the particular that Six Sigma is not an original philosophy but sooner a re-packaging of quick ideas. Additionally, critics point out the use of consultants and the regard for highly trained specialist to implement and manage the process can be very pricy.Another criticism is that the 3. 4 per 1 million measurement does not fit all situations. An airport may bring a higher standard than interpret the post office. It has been said that applying Six Sigma purely will result in in a workplace environment that is blind drunk and stifles creativity, innovation, and invention. However, proponents will say that this outcome is a result of missing secern split of a successful program. The goals of the program essential be tied to the goals of the company and the processes in place must directly tie to the customers of necessity. ImplementationSix Sigma programs are deployed from the Top down and utilise from the bottom up. (Ca riera and Trudell, 2006) You must have speeding precautions buy-in and full support. This support must be communicated effectively through the organization. Upper management must be unbidden to enthrone in training for their employees and willing to enshroud the changes that will come out of the initiative. Although Six Sigma can involve some complex statistical theories and measurement tools, the barriers to successful implementations ordinarily come from behavioral resistance rather than technical issues. Kumar, 2006) The following are what Kumar considers heavy rules for significant change Always include affected individuals in both supplying and implementing utilitys. Provide sufficient time for employees to change. border improvements to only those changes essential to remove the identified root cause(s). Respect an individuals perceptions by listening and responding to his/her concerns. Ensure leading participation in the program. Provide well-timed feedback to affected individuals. These are all key points to implementing Six Sigma, however to a Six Sigma critics point, there is goose egg really new here.This is very exchangeable to many other management and grapheme philosophies. Regardless of what name you give it, these basics are imperative for instituting positive change in an organization. Perhaps by applying these fundamental principle under a recognized program such as Six Sigma, there will be a better chance for success. ISO 9000 naturally this subheading decision Number 2 would actually be changed to describe the second research finding. thence you would describe what you set up and be sure to include quotes or paraphrases from your research.After each of those references, be sure to include a wane in-text reference point (APA) format. Keep in understanding that this task requires you to reference 8 sources in your typography (and include an accompanying interview page). Analysis After you describe your research f inding and include references, please offer your analysis of the information here. By beginning the paragraph with a bolded word, it will be much more apparent to the Evaluator that this is where they will find your analysis of the information rather than it appearing as if it is part of the research summary. Benefits of ISOThe ISO was break downed in 1947 when 25 countries met in London to define industry-wide standardization for the lying and supply of products, testing/analysis and engineering science used in these fields, that begins a origin of the alternate and transfer of technology. A) While take aim the playing field so countries can easily mountain overseas easier, companies are free to compete in more worldwide markets. This allows companies access to territories previously adrnonished for semipolitical reasons (American companies doing dividing line in Vietnam, for example), while bridging the needs of handicraft line into the new millennium.B) At its nerve centre the ISO in conjunction with organizations the WTO, promotes a world(prenominal) trading systern strength. The WTO instituted the Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) which includes a Code of Good practice for the Preparation, bankers acceptance and Application of Standards simply-put, the Code recognizes the efficient improvement of production in international trade AND, encourages standardizing bodies to use ihem for the standards they develop. C) Another wages is product reliability from other countries.Think about it, in terms of fiber and safety you can rest easier knowing that the product whole tone will be the identical or better than a competing US brand. Which is generally, not good. But it encourages competition, promotes more trade opens up our thinking to new, sometimes better merchandise. savour at the inventory from Ikea and World mart and see how those marketplaces have tested passim the country? D) With regard to our govemment, where would we be without transnational Standards for health, safety and environmental legislation? planetary Standards can also &ame political trade agreements with this body of knowledge. E) I believe that, without authoritative Standardizations our commerce would erswl. Like the surfaces of screw-threads for chairs in classrooms, telcom technology, the size of 24s for use overseas, the character of steel-beams to raise a building. Pros and cons of ISO ISO 9000 is a set of standards brass certification of a quality program. ISO 9000 is an overview document which gives guidelines for selection and use of the other standards. It is also used internationally by occupancy to provide an outline of quality assurance.The ISO 9000 contains five document which are the 9001 9002 9003 9004 the ISO 9001 folds with aspects of a quality program for businesses that design, produce, install and service products. The ISO 9002 deals with the same aspects as the ISO 9001, the ISO 9003 is the most limited in scope and addresses only the production process. ISO 9004 contains guidelines for interlingual rendition the other standards. The steps for businesses to take in order to make sure they are registered with ISO 9000 standards are that the quality management system in the company or business must be fully okay and meet the required standard the ISO 9000 need.They must also be able to look after and put in order all the companies internally audits. Organisations should seek ISO 9000 accreditation out-of-pocket to some advantages it provides for the company which are it helps the company improve its customer service and increases the satisfaction of customers. When business or ecesiss seek ISO credential it helps the focus on satisfying customers and providing quality service for customers. It helps the company to ensure that their product when is reached the concluding stage is of good quality which helps to increase customer satisfaction or make customer happy with the final product.Ano ther reason why a company should also seek ISO 9000 accreditation is due to the fact that it would be easier for business or organisation to foil supplier if there in need of one. Supplier would be willing to associate themselves with companies with the ISO documentation who are in looking for or in a need of suppliers. The ISO accreditation requires an organisation to analyse and document its actions, which is important in any number for implementing continuous improvement for the staff who get involved. The rules required in ISO accreditation standards provide businesses to start pursuing TQM programs.Organisations that register their company with the ISO 9000 accreditation give there company a good eye with public as it increases their marketability as the public feel they have their outdo interest at heart by ensuring they offer good quality products to them and this is an advantage to the company as it increases their customer allegiance base and brings in new customers. It would also help organisations against their competitors as a business or company seeking ISO 9000 accreditation increases their advantages over their competitors and this efficacy make them draw some of their competitors customers.ISO 9000 registration helps companies look attractive by inviting business owners and investors to combine or deal in business with them. It gives companies or businesses who have registered with ISO 9000 accreditation secure their finances with other businesses. parenthesis from all this advantages towards companies who seek ISO 9000 accreditation there are also mischiefs to this documentation. One of them would be its very expensive to organisations who seek the ISO 9000 accreditation.Some companies who fully be able continuously pay the funds to register their companies especially companies that are not large. The steps to register your business or company are very expensive and so many companies cleverness be able to afford it. Apart from the busi ness being expensive another disadvantage is the pith or period the process takes to register. The process usually takes many months or over a year to complete the registration and all the necessary documentation it needs to finally complete it.This might make business fed up due to amount of time its taken them to achieve this documentation and the amount of time they have put in order to complete it to the final audit. deflection from it also being expensive theres a lot of subject work and documentation involved in registering with the ISO 9000 accreditation and this paper work take a lot of the company time. This makes the business focus on the paper work rather than being able to balance the paper work or other business matters the company needs to adhere.Some companies might get carried away with the documentation forgetting they need to go to to other business matter and this might make them lose important business running. Total Quality Management (TQM) Naturally this su bheading Finding Number 3 would actually be changed to describe the thirdly research finding. Then you would describe what you found and be sure to include quotes or paraphrases from your research. After each of those references, be sure to include a correct in-text citation (APA) format.Keep in mind that this task requires you to reference 8 sources in your paper (and include an accompanying Reference page). If you have more than 3 main points, please feel free to add them. Follow the same format for consistency. Analysis After you describe your research finding and include references, please offer your analysis of the information here. By beginning the paragraph with a bolded word, it will be much more apparent to the Evaluator that this is where they will find your analysis of the information rather than it appearing as if it is part of the research summary.Recommendations This will be the last section of the body of your paper in which you will provide your hearing (your compa nys management) with your recommendations for action. Again, you could begin by replacing this text with an appropriate introduction. The handling here should also justify the logic used to arrive at the particular recommendations. For example Recommendation This would be your first recommendation. You could bold it as I have here.Then you should explain or describe the recommendation more fully as well as why you feel this will be beneficial to the company. You will then follow this same format for the be recommendations. You must have at to the lowest degree three recommendations for the company. Conclusion Task management Prepare a business spread over based on your research findings that includes a conclusion that will a. Emphasize the grandness of the three research findings b. Summarize the benefits of your recommendations. . This task can generally be through in 1-2 paragraphs.